Our research group combines field and experimental approaches, molecular genomic techniques, and bioinformatic tools to understand how co-evolutionary interactions between host and intracellular symbiont drive genomic and functional evolution, and how this contributes to generating and maintaining diversity across biological scales.
Hawaiian lava tube biodiversity and evolution
Across the Hawaiian Islands, insects have diversified and adapted to cave environments formed by lava tubes across the Big Island of Hawaii. Here we survey across the many different lava tube communities to look at patterns of evolution and diversification of insect communities, with a specific focus on Hawaiian cixiid planthoppers.
Animal-Microbe Symbiosis
Symbiotic relationships can become obligate where neither parter can persist without the other. These heritable obligate symbionts are often clonal and vertically transmitted and therefore experience high levels of genetic drift and accelerated rates of mutation accumulation. One main evolutionary consequence of endosymbiosis is reduction in genome size via gene loss and removal of excess non-coding DNA, which results in symbiont genome degradation that likely compromises fitness unless hosts are able to compensate for the functional deficits of symbionts.
Many insects feeding on plant-sap rely on bacterial endosymbionts to synthesize and provision hosts with amino acids and vitamins that are lacking from their diet. Our lab uses a combination of experimental, molecular, and bioinformatic approaches to study different sap-feeding insects hosts and their microbial symbionts to understand the functional genomics and co-evolutionary dynamics of symbiosis.
Genome Evolution
One of the most ancient examples of obligate endosymbionts are organelles including mitochondria and plastids. In animals, mitochondrial genomes encode several genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation, the final steps of cellular respiration, while the remaining genes are encoded by the nuclear genome. This requires efficient coordination between the two genomes, resulting in patterns of genome co-evolution between host and symbiont. Variation in energetic demand of animals likely exerts different levels of selection on genes related to metabolic function. For example, birds and mammals require high levels of energy and experience strong levels of purifying selection on mitochondrial genes, likely to maintain metabolic function. In contrast, salamanders have extremely low metabolic rates and experience relaxed selection on mitochondrial genes and increased variation in genome architecture. Similar to many insect-microbe systems , the high levels of genomic variation (mitochondrial and nuclear) found in salamanders provides a unique opportunity to investigate the drivers of genome evolution.
Funding and Support
